Geopolitics and climate change are interrelated, affecting global stability and security in various regions. Climate change, caused by greenhouse gas emissions, has led to rising temperatures, rising sea levels and changing weather patterns. This impacts food security, water resources and public health, creating tensions within and between countries. One of the main implications of climate change is mass population migration. Countries hardest hit by extreme weather, such as Bangladesh and a number of countries in Africa, will experience increased migration due to natural disasters. This has the potential to stimulate conflict in destination countries that feel pressured by increasing populations. Additionally, developed countries may face shifts in their immigration policies, thereby exacerbating tensions between countries. Climate change also affects resource geopolitics. Natural resources such as clean water and energy are becoming increasingly scarce. For example, the Nile and Jordan Rivers have seen their flows decrease due to climate change, triggering disputes between countries that rely on these two rivers. Effective management of water resources is important to avoid diplomatic tensions. In the energy sector, the transition to renewable energy sources indicates geopolitical changes. Governments that are unable to adapt to renewable energy can lose their bargaining position on the global stage. Oil-producing countries, such as Saudi Arabia, should consider diversification in their economies to avoid the long-term impact of falling demand for fossil energy. Then, there are also national security considerations that arise as a result of climate change. Rising global temperatures could lead to conflict over potential new territories, such as the resources contained in the Arctic. Rivalry between countries, including Russia, the US and Canada, over exploration and control of shipping lanes in the region could lead to tensions and, in the worst case scenario, military conflict. International involvement in climate change mitigation also influences geopolitics. International agreements such as the Paris Agreement create pressure for countries to reduce carbon emissions. Countries that fail to meet these commitments risk losing diplomatic support and may face economic sanctions. The impact of climate change will also be seen in the global health sector. Surges in disease, low levels of health education, and inadequate health systems will worsen community resilience. Countries that do not invest in health infrastructure can undermine domestic stability, which has geopolitical implications. As these challenges increase, international collaboration becomes increasingly important. Global efforts to address climate change must be carried out in a coordinated manner, covering various sectors, involving civil society. This collaborative strategy can help create understanding to reduce tensions and build resilience in all regions of the world.
